The Car Running by water Power: A Feasibility Report for Electrical Energy by Mudassir Abbas
Energy Produced from battery
In the step wise procedure we must know about the basic facts that a 12 V car battery can produce maximum of 40 A of current that corresponds to 12 X 40 = 480 watts of power according to basic formula
P = VI
P = 12 x 40 = 480 watts (or J/sec)
Now if this battery continuously provides direct current for 1 hour it will produce 0.48 kWh
of energy
The calculations are as follows
p = E / t
That corresponds to
E = P x t
if power is produced for one hour
E = 480 X 1 = 480 Wh or 0.48 KWh
This is the amount of energy which can be used in producing hydrogen gas from electrolysis
of water.
Energy Consumed by the battery for electrolysis
Now the amount of energy consumed in electrolytic cell calculated: Ideally, 39 kWh of electrical energy is required to convert 8.9 kg of water to produce 1kg of hydrogen and 7.9 kg of oxygen completely. While typical commercial electrolyzer system has efficiencies ranges from 56% to 73% and this corresponds to 70.1–53.4 kWh/kg:
How much distance a car can travel with 1kg of hydrogen?
Normally, 47. 3 MJ is the energy consumed by a 1000cc car when it uses 1 kg ( ~1.40 liter) of petrol and on average car cannot give more than 20 km in one liter of fuel. Keeping the same figures in mind the energy produced by 1kg of hydrogen can give (141.9 / 47.3) x 28 = 84 km with 1kg (500mol) of hydrogen
To run a car for 84km, 1kg of hydrogen must be produced from fuel cells while providing 39 kWh or more amount of electricity.
Law of conservation of energy
Maximum energy produced by one battery = 0.48 KWh
Energy consumed by fuel cell to produce 1kg of hydrogen = 39 kWh
Number of batteries required to produce 39kWh of energy = 39 / 0.48 = 81
That corresponds
81 batteries in parallel are required with 9 liters of water to produce 1 kg of hydrogen torun the car for 85 km after full consumption.
OR
With 0.48 KW of battery power continuously provided to the electrolytic cell (and to no other power consuming source) for one hour will give the amount of hydrogen practically as 6.85 gm in total, which can run a car for 582 meters only.
The following questions are still to be answered
1. Is the battery providing continues current to run it for smooth electrolytic process?
2. The conditions in electrolytic cell are really ideal to give maximum efficiency?
3. The gas collectors for hydrogen and oxygen are leak free and have maximum storage
and transportation?
4. Are both the electrodes are long lasting and stable in solution?
5. Is the electrolyte used is cheap, efficient and environment friendly?
Note: These all calculations are based on the fact that no generator or external source is
producing the electrical power and inserting it back into the battery of car.
“Technology Brief: Analysis of Current-Day Commercial Electrolyzers,” NREL, Golden, CO NREL/FS-56036705,
September
2004.
See also B. Kroposki, J. Levene, and K.Harrison, “Electrolysis: Information and Opportunities for
Electric
Power Utilities,” Technical report, NREL/TP-581-40605, September, 2006
3
Where 141.9 is the energy of combustion for hydrogen and 47.3 is the energy of combustion for petrol. Also
see the reference given below (for more details) Karl Griesbaum et al. "Hydrocarbons" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.
4
All calculations are based on ideal battery power and ideal electrolytic system.
Download pdf http://attachment.fbsbx.com/file_download.php?id=347168925364480&uid=1155825747&ext=1344006097&hash=ASv0KryXvDUs9_Ct
After some recent calculations for the heat of enthalpies for combustion of conventional gasoline fuel and hydrogen gas. It was concluded that the heat of combustion from hydrogen is three times as big as heat of combustion from gasoline. In the next step, an approach towards the electrical power production and its consumption in water based fuel cars would be presented.
Energy Produced from battery
In the step wise procedure we must know about the basic facts that a 12 V car battery can produce maximum of 40 A of current that corresponds to 12 X 40 = 480 watts of power according to basic formula
P = VI
P = 12 x 40 = 480 watts (or J/sec)
Now if this battery continuously provides direct current for 1 hour it will produce 0.48 kWh
of energy
The calculations are as follows
p = E / t
That corresponds to
E = P x t
if power is produced for one hour
E = 480 X 1 = 480 Wh or 0.48 KWh
This is the amount of energy which can be used in producing hydrogen gas from electrolysis
of water.
Energy Consumed by the battery for electrolysis
Now the amount of energy consumed in electrolytic cell calculated: Ideally, 39 kWh of electrical energy is required to convert 8.9 kg of water to produce 1kg of hydrogen and 7.9 kg of oxygen completely. While typical commercial electrolyzer system has efficiencies ranges from 56% to 73% and this corresponds to 70.1–53.4 kWh/kg:
How much distance a car can travel with 1kg of hydrogen?
Normally, 47. 3 MJ is the energy consumed by a 1000cc car when it uses 1 kg ( ~1.40 liter) of petrol and on average car cannot give more than 20 km in one liter of fuel. Keeping the same figures in mind the energy produced by 1kg of hydrogen can give (141.9 / 47.3) x 28 = 84 km with 1kg (500mol) of hydrogen
To run a car for 84km, 1kg of hydrogen must be produced from fuel cells while providing 39 kWh or more amount of electricity.
Law of conservation of energy
Maximum energy produced by one battery = 0.48 KWh
Energy consumed by fuel cell to produce 1kg of hydrogen = 39 kWh
Number of batteries required to produce 39kWh of energy = 39 / 0.48 = 81
That corresponds
81 batteries in parallel are required with 9 liters of water to produce 1 kg of hydrogen torun the car for 85 km after full consumption.
OR
With 0.48 KW of battery power continuously provided to the electrolytic cell (and to no other power consuming source) for one hour will give the amount of hydrogen practically as 6.85 gm in total, which can run a car for 582 meters only.
The following questions are still to be answered
1. Is the battery providing continues current to run it for smooth electrolytic process?
2. The conditions in electrolytic cell are really ideal to give maximum efficiency?
3. The gas collectors for hydrogen and oxygen are leak free and have maximum storage
and transportation?
4. Are both the electrodes are long lasting and stable in solution?
5. Is the electrolyte used is cheap, efficient and environment friendly?
Note: These all calculations are based on the fact that no generator or external source is
producing the electrical power and inserting it back into the battery of car.
“Technology Brief: Analysis of Current-Day Commercial Electrolyzers,” NREL, Golden, CO NREL/FS-56036705,
September
2004.
See also B. Kroposki, J. Levene, and K.Harrison, “Electrolysis: Information and Opportunities for
Electric
Power Utilities,” Technical report, NREL/TP-581-40605, September, 2006
3
Where 141.9 is the energy of combustion for hydrogen and 47.3 is the energy of combustion for petrol. Also
see the reference given below (for more details) Karl Griesbaum et al. "Hydrocarbons" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.
4
All calculations are based on ideal battery power and ideal electrolytic system.
Download pdf http://attachment.fbsbx.com/file_download.php?id=347168925364480&uid=1155825747&ext=1344006097&hash=ASv0KryXvDUs9_Ct
0 comments:
Post a Comment